Safeguarding and Protection in Care Settings


Safeguarding refers to reducing and preventing the potential risk of harm, exploitation, abuse and supporting the people to take control over their lives by informed choices.
The role in safeguarding the people is to update myself as a worker regarding the legislation and code of practice. In case of any risk and hazard, report the matter to the line manager and senior staff member, so that frequent action can be taken to reduce the potential risk. The very common types of abuses and harms are as following.
Physical Abuse. The physical abuse refers to hitting, slapping, kicking pushing and violation of their rights by giving them the wrong medication, and inappropriate sanction (Binnet, & Kingston, 1993).
 Domestic Abuse. The domestic violence means the psychological, physical, emotional, sexual and financial abuse and controlling the behavior, also known as honor-based violence.
Sexual Abuse. Sexual abuse includes sexual harassment, rape, sexual teasing, inappropriate touching, forcing someone for watching pornography or sexual acts, sexual assault. 
Emotional\Psychological Abuse. The psychological abuse includes the threatening, blackmailing, controlling, blaming, humiliation, cyberbullying, verbal abuse, isolation, unjustified withdrawal of services, and putting pressure on someone (Binnet, & Kingston, 1993).
Financial\Material Abuse. Financial/ material abuse refers to fraud, theft, interest scamming, misuse or misappropriation of property or stealing, possession, and putting pressure on someone for financial arrangements including, property, will, transaction or inheritance (Department of Health, 2003).
Modern slavery. Modern slavery refers to the trafficking, forced labor, and domestic violence. Slavery Masters and traffickers use inhuman ways to deceive and force an individual into a life of abuse.
Discriminatory abuse. Discriminatory abuse refers to the harassment based on the victim, race, religion, sexual orientation, ethnicity, age, gender, sect, and language.
Institutional\Organisational Abuse. Institutional/organization abuse refers to the poor care services in a care setting such as a hospital and home. The abuse in an organization indicates the poor services, policies, medication, professional practice, and treatment of the patient or individual.
 self-neglect. self-neglect means that an individual does not meet the criteria of personal hygiene, health, and surrounding also known as hoarding. It is also considered to be a form of abuse as it may be alarming for the personal hygiene of the individual and need safeguarding referral.
Neglect by others. When the other people do not support or facilitate the individual in maintaining their hygienic or social needs that also called abuse. The individual need social support to fulfill their basic need, if the needs are not fulfilled properly may pose a threat to individual safety.

Harm

Harm refers to the physical, emotional, or psychological damage or threats that limit one’s ability to perform in a particular field. The harm can be described in two categories, deliberated self-harm and harm to others (Department of Health, 2003).

Describe Restrictive Practices

Restrictive practice facilitates the disable or limited capacity people to make choices, freedom, and sense of self-worth. The primary aim of the restricted practices is to protect the individual from potential harm. The restrictive practice values the supporter rather than the service user.

Identify the signs and\or symptoms associated with each of the following types of abuse:

Physical abuse. Major injuries, numerous falls, bruising in arm, abrasion, thighs, teeth indentation, weight loss, depression, injuries on hand and face.
Domestic abuse. Injuries, depression, loss of weight, difficulty in walking, sitting, loss of contact with reality, low self-esteem, isolation, fear, mood disorder, frustration, and identity loss.
Sexual abuse. Sexual abuse symptoms include difficulty in walking, sitting, overt sexual behavior, sexual language, injuries on genital or oral areas, strained, torn or bloody underwear and soreness around genitals (Binnet, & Kingston, 1993).
Emotional\Psychological Abuse. Withdrawal, fearfulness, depression, agitation, sleep problem, change in appetite, behavior, and weight, aggressive shouting, deprivation of liberty,
Financial\Material Abuse. Financial/Material includes the unexplained withdrawal from a bank, unpaid bills, unusual activity on the bank, lack of cash on the daily basis, reluctance to pay funds on time, reluctant to fulfill the responsibility to roved clothing, food, etc. (Ritchie, Sanderson, Kilbane, & Routledge, 2003).
Modern slavery. Avoid eye contact, reluctant to ask for help, fearful, anxious, malnourished, injuries, lack of belonging, reluctant to talk to strangers, restricted freedom or movements. 
Discriminatory Abuse. Discriminatory abuse comprised of lack of respect to discriminatory people, substandard services, repeated exclusion from justice, health, or employment, and failure to respect their identity (Department of Health, 2003).
Institutional\organisation abuse. Institutional\organisation abuse symptoms include the shortage of medical, first aid and emergency services.  It also includes the lack of first aid facility, salary package, financial aid, verbal abuse, psychological neglect, inflexible routine, inappropriate use of power and control. 
Self-neglect. The symptoms of self-neglect are lack of interest in the pleasurable activity, personal hygiene, and occupational functioning. It also includes inappropriate physical condition, long and dirty nails, do not wash hands before taking meals, reluctant to take a bath, inappropriate weight, and body structure. 
Neglect by others. Neglect by other symptoms includes the absence of food, hygiene, clothing, and comfort. Prevent the individual taking legal, health-related and social service and medication (Binnet, & Kingston, 1993).

Vulnerability to being abuse

The factors that contribute to an individual being more vulnerable to abuse are the limited mental capacity to understand the difference between right and wrong. They also cannot comprehend the situation that what is happening in the current moment. Isolation, lack of self-esteem on in some cases the aggressive behavior is the reason for being vulnerable to abuse. Sometimes lack of knowledge and training also cause the vulnerability for being abused.
In the case suspicions of abuse, always report the right person about the incident. The suspicious person should be investigated without losing temper, evidence should be collected, and after paperwork, the legal action should be taken. Make sure that the perpetrator is punishing the right way without any threat to the victim. Then a senior staff member, other professional and social worker must be reported about the incident to enhance the probability of justice at the workplace.

Action to take if an individual alleges that they are being abused

The organization, company and health care already had some code of practice and a code of ethics regarding the security and safety of the individual. If a person alleges that he is being abused at the workplace, the immediate action should be taken to investigate the suspicious person, with the calm way. The paperwork should be completed, and the matter should listen without biases, or without making judgments. Ensure the perpetrator doesn't have any contact with the victim to threaten him. Contact the appropriate manager for the investigation of the suspicious person, take photographs of the scene if possible.

Identify ways to ensure that evidence of abuse is preserved

Ensure that no one else enters the crime place before the police. The evidence should be hand over to the appropriate manger. The legal action should be taken to punish the perpetrator. Note down and keep record about the injuries using hand drawing and body map. The description of injury includes the shape, color, size, and date of the injury, etc. (Department of Health, 2003).
The nation and local policies regarding the safeguarding and protection from abuse are The Mental Capacity ACT 2005, Court of Protection, Crown Protection Services (CPS), The Deprivation of Liberty Safeguarding Authority (DOLS), No Secret (Adult Protection), Care Quality Commission (CQS), Housing Organization, The Office of Public Guardian and The Corner.

Roles of different agencies in safeguarding and protection individual from abuse

        The Court of Protection deals with the orders to protect the rights of the people who are lacing capacities.
        Housing organization supports, those individuals who are at risk of abusing, exploitation and neglect. The supporting person of the housing provides all the basic needs of the vulnerable peoples.
        Crown Prosecution Service prosecutes a crime against older people and adults to support and intimidating witness to provide their best evidence.
        The Corners are the independent judiciary officers investigate the cases of unnatural and sudden death. They investigate the risk of adult death rate to reduce the ratio.
        The Deprivation of Liberty Safeguarding Authority (DOLS) 2009 protects the right of the adults regarding their freedom.
        The Mental Capacity ACT 2005 helps the individuals who are lacing capacity to make the decision on their own. The above act direct and facilitate the individual to make the decision for them (Ritchie, Sanderson, Kilbane, & Routledge, 2003).

Factors which have featured in reports into serious cases of abuse and neglect

http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b011pwt6 the link contains a BBC TV documentary Panorama, which indicates the care staff of the hospital subject to physical assault, torture, and systematic brutally. The program also highlights some bitter truth of the society that the abuse and sexual assault patient are mostly disabled, autistic people. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2064957/Elderly-people-abused-carers-Neglect-bad-pensioners-wanted-die.html#ixzz23Xe5Hjrp provides the daily basis news about the abuse and neglect on a high scale.
Numerous legislation and code practice impose some role and responsibility to people for protecting the abuse and neglect. My role in safeguarding and protecting the people from abuse is to train, supervise, and review the vulnerable adults (Binnet, & Kingston, 1993).
In the challenging situation that goes beyond your skills and practices, you need to contact the appropriate management, and policy maker, or legislation help. The individual should be referred to authoritative agencies working for the betterment of the people and adult human rights.

The likelihood of abuse may be reduced by:

Working with person-centered values. Working with person-centered values directs the supporting staff to treat the individual by giving them value and dignity. For protecting the individuals, their needs and preferences give importance and accept them unconditionally. The person-centered approach works on the principle that treats the humans as you want to be treated (Department of Health, 2003).
Encouraging active participation. The active participation enhances the self-esteem and reduces the isolation of the individual. It also promotes inclusion, and the adult feels themselves as a part of the community to address their abuse and neglect issue.  The active participation is compulsory for the positive outcome of the health care services that not merely satisfied the health-related queries of the service user but also enhance the reputation of the company.
Promoting choice and rights. The encouragement for the self-determination and discussion in all decision reduce the likelihood of child abuse. The encouragement for the values, views and speaking for their right also decreases the likelihood of abuse by their carer.
Supporting individual with an awareness of personal safety. The people ethical and moral supports boost-up their confidence to cope and face the challenging situation. The supporting people may find in the general community, healthcare, and working place that may decrease the potential harm of abuse. The individual should be educated about the safety precaution in the challenging situation.

Importance of an accessible complaints procedure for reducing the likelihood of abuse

Promoting choices and rights also enables a person to take independent action in a case of being the victim of abuse. They have the right to take or withdraw the services at any time. Taking independent decision and choice may enhance their confidence and self-worth that they can file a case on their own. In this way, the likelihood of abuse may reduce. Furthermore, it will also reduce the confidence of the perpetrator.

The likelihood of abuse can be reduced by managing risk and focusing on prevention

The focus on solution and prevention is more crucial than the risky situation. The individual and supporting staff teach the individual how to manage a problematic situation rather than giving up. The challenging situation and harm caused the severity of stress. Therefore, the management skills and prevention method should be focused to avoid the possible harm.

Unsafe practices that may affect the well-being of the individual

The unsafe practices worsen the situation on a high scale. It may be alarming for the victim and the society as well. The unsafe practice leads to psychological stress, physical injuries and threat of death as well. The unsafe practice may distort the self-image of the individual, they develop a negative attitude towards the health and social care services, and may generalize their negative attitude to the whole community and supporter. The situation may worsen both physically and emotionally. The unsafe medical practice adversely impacts the physical condition of illness to an optimal level that increases the physical pain and sufferings.

The action to take if unsafe practices have been identified

People commit unsafe practices due to lack of experiences, training, and work quality at a previous job. Id the unsafe practices identifies at the workplace, health and safety commissioner, the manager, QCQ inspector, local social care services, local safeguard team, area manager, and police should be informed. The safety of the victim should be ensured, and the written record should be saved (Department of Health, 2003).

The possible actions to take in response to abuse

If you notice that despite the case has been reported, but nothing action has not been taken in response and the abuse and unsafe practices are still happening. In such cases consult a senior manager to take the initiative against the matter. If he does not take serious action, report the matter to police officers and another local safeguard team to take action.

Describe the potential risks through:

The use of electronic communication devices. The use of electronic devices made the life easier but had raised some risk for the health and security of the individual. The excessive use of electronic devices has been limiting the hearing, visual and mental capabilities o the individual. The people started initiating unhealthy conversation, gossips, texting, and, etc.
The use of the internet. The use of internet in beneficial with the references of study and employment but it has damaged the health of our new generation, as people left the interest in outdoor activities, but like to spend hours and hours in front of computer and internet. The communication between family member, friends, and neighbor has limited, and people prefer to talk to a stranger on the internet. Even the searching for life partner has become the popular trend of the current times. Furthermore, the friendships and marriage on the internet not merely increased the likeliness of deception but also weaken the relationship quality. The sexual talk and sharing of the inappropriate picture have become another trend and internet evil (Ritchie, Sanderson, Kilbane, & Routledge, 2003).
The use of social networking sites. The social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter and instant-gram are the most popular sites. Those are raising the issues on cyberbullying, emotional, physical and socioeconomic disparities. People prefer to jealous one another by posting their picture with different branded clothes, hotels, and other accessories (Department of Health, 2003).
Carrying out financial transactions online. The online financial transaction is not safe for some reason such as the hacking of the computer, and the operating system is very common. The people hack and transform the amount using different websites and application. Therefore the bank withdraw is safe and authentic means of the transaction (Ritchie, Sanderson, Kilbane, & Routledge, 2003).
The use internet, social sites, and online transaction appropriately eliminate the risk. For example, blocking the URL and the inappropriate websites in the home computer and laptop system may be beneficial to some extent. The extraordinary interest in social sites and the lives of people may also reduce the bullying. The people need to understand each individual is unique and had a different belief, opinion, right and ways of living; we should respect and accept them without bullying or abusing them on social site. Jealousy should, and the tolerance should be promoted by social or safeguard services. The transaction deception should be reduced at Government level. The government law and policymaker should take some steps to control the situation. The employer needs to adherer the policies of the company for the prevention of disease to implement the localized procedures (Ritchie, Sanderson, Kilbane, & Routledge, 2003).

The balancing measures for online safety

The balancing measure for online safety is important for some reason such as to reduce the potential risk of losses and hazards, to minimize the risk of cyberbullying and psychological suffering, to discourage the online system of corruption and to eliminate the risk of a threat as well.