Cleaning Decontamination and Waste Management


State the general principles for environmental cleaning


The general principle for environmental cleaning focuses on the eradication of germs and pathogens thorough cleaning, exposing to the light, dry, ventilated environment. The waste product, body fluids, and spillages should be responsibly eliminated from the environment. Dry, dust and liquid substances must be clean using the COSHH assessment manual. While cleaning and dusting PPE must be worn and should be disposed into the yellow bin (AGREE Collaboration, 2003).

Explain the purpose of cleaning schedules


The purpose of the cleaning schedule is to eliminate the risk of infection and fatal disease. Furthermore, to provide the service user with a safe and secure system to increase their health life (Ritchie, Sanderson, Kilbane, & Routledge, 2003).

Describe how the correct management of the environment minimizes the spread of infection


The correct management reduces the risk of hazard and infections in the workplace and fulfills the purpose of service user contact. As they receive the service to improve the quality of health, to fulfill their purpose best the correct management is mandatory. The clean environment, equipment, dry, ventilated place and removal of body, fluids and infection from the environment increase the quality of health (Ritchie, Sanderson, Kilbane, & Routledge, 2003).

Explain the reason for the national policy for colour coding of cleaning equipment


The national colour coding of cleaning equipment is imperative to categorise and identification of the staff member. The colour coding helps to identify at what place, which staff member is showing what kind of carelessness so that the management steps can be taken. The white colour gloves and apron indicate the personal hygiene is considering while performing the particular task. The blue apron and gloves represent that the food-oriented hygienic policies are being followed. The national colour for maintain the cleaning the types of equipment the blue colour apron and gloves for general cleaning, red for toilets, and green for food and drink serving (AGREE on Collaboration, 2003). 

Describe the three steps of the decontamination process


The three steps in the documentation process are

    Set up the support areas and decontamination

    Conduct decontamination triage

    Decontaminate the victims

Describe how and when cleaning agents are used


The cleaning agents must be used in moist, wet and dark places to kill the pathogens. The hair nails and skin should be cleaned and dry so that pathogens may not enter the body or not transmit room person to person. The waste products, body fluids, and waste PPE must be eliminated to kill the germs. While giving the assistant to the infectious people, the clean clothing and bandage must be changes. The staff member should wash their clothes after touching the patients and hands must be washed with cleaning agents, soap, liquid and antiseptic gels (Sanderson, Kennedy, Ritchie, and Goodwin, 2002).

Describe how and when disinfecting agents are used


The disinfected agents usually include chemical detergents, antiseptic and antibacterial and are used in the case of low risk, e.g., cleaning floor and surface area following the rules of COSHH. The disinfected agents must be used in multiple setting and situation to eliminate the pathogens.

Explain the role of personal protective equipment PPE during the decontamination process


The personal protective equipment (PPE) protects the worker and other people against the pathogens, germs, body fluids and infection. The types of PPE are mask, apron, and gloves, and all these PEE must be disposed of or washed after each activity (Ritchie, Sanderson, Kilbane, & Routledge, 2003).

Explain the concept of risk in dealing with specific types of contamination


The concepts of risk in dealing with specific types of contamination are to deal with the process of cleaning, sterilise and disinfected before carrying out the management. It requires that each item, equipment must be clean and sterilised. The high risk occurs when the equipment that used to heal the individual is contaminated. The medium risk may attack with urinals, commodes, and bedpans. The low risk is associated with a contaminated floor, surface, and mobility aids (Sanderson, Kennedy, Ritchie, and Goodwin, 2002).

Explain how the level of risk determines the type of agent that may be used to decontaminate


The level of risk determines the types of an agent that needs to be decontaminated depends on the severity level of the contamination such as high risk (equipment) low risk (bedpans) and low risks (surface and floors). The high-risk needs the antiseptic agents to be used for decontaminating the items, while soap and liquid detergents may be sufficient for cleaning the low risk or floor and surfaces.

Describe how equipment should be cleaned and stored


The equipment should be clean, sterilised and disinfected using several antisepses agents. They need to be pack and store in a dry place and secure from sharp instruments that may be torn the packing. The regular assessment should carry to reduce the risk of infection or break (Ritchie, Sanderson, Kilbane, & Routledge, 2003).

Identify the different categories of waste and the associated risks


There are different types of waste associated with risk such as

    Pathological waste (fetus, body parts, blood)

    Pharmaceutical waste (boxes, bottles)

    Infectious waste (Urine, feces)

    Chemical waste (laboratory agents)

    Genotoxic waste (drugs and substances)

    Sharps (needle, scalpels, infusion sets, blades)

    Radioactive waste

Explain how to dispose of the different types of waste safely and without risk to others


The different types of waste may be disposed of using the segregation process, which is also known as colour coding.

    The used apron and gloves should be scrunch, pack in a plastic bag and through into yellow bin.

    The used needles, blades and other sharps must be disposed into the yellow bin.

    All the waste boxes, bottles, and drugs must be disposed into the white bin.

    Effluent and heavy bottles should be disposed into a red bin.

    Nonhazardous wastage should be disposed into black bags.

Explain how waste should be stored before collection


The waste should be restored in black bags before the collection so that the risk of infection may reduce. The waste should be packaged and disposed of following the policies and rules of The Controlled Waste Regulation Act (Ritchie, Sanderson, Kilbane, & Routledge, 2003).

Identify the legal responsibilities concerning waste management


The following legal acts impose some responsibilities concerning waste management.

    Environmental Protection Act (EPA) 1990

    The Controlled Waste Regulation 2012

State how to reduce the risk of sharps injury


The risk of acute injury may reduce by avoiding leaving the sharps instrument around, re-creating the used needle, breaking the needles before discarding, and placing the used needle in the bin after immediate use (Sanderson, Kennedy, Ritchie, and Goodwin, 2002).