Excess of Everything is Worst: A case Study of 10 Years Old Overprotective Child

 Author: Ushna Nawaz

Each individual has basic needs and wishes which they want to fulfil to make their lives healthy, wealthy, and pleasant. But, when one’s desires or needs exceed from a certain level, it causes a problem that turns a healthy life into obnoxious life. Some examples can help us to understand this concept, such as excess of food can cause obesity, excess of stress can cause damage to brain and its functioning, excess of tension and worry can lead towards some mental disorder, excessive consumption of drugs, alcohol or smoking can damage body organs, excess amount of sleep can enhance the health risk, excessive exposure to screen can cause overweight, sleep problems or pain of body parts (i.e., headaches, neck, and shoulder pain), and being good all the time can also cause a lot of problems in your own life. 

Even though having a lot of power and health also lead towards negative consequences as there is a mythical story which says that; In the same manner, each individual needs social support to live in a community. As we all know that man is a social animal, so society has a great impact on men, society can affect individuals either positively or negatively. Social support is the psychological and material support people get from others. The three basic supports are support from family, support from friends, and support from others. 

The social support helps individuals to cope with various life situations and enhances their wellbeing. But when this social support elevates from a certain level, it can also bring problematic consequences as there is a Bollywood movie with the name “

In 2019, Palant and Himmel conducted qualitative research to watch over the negative effects of social support. In this study, 42 patients with inflammatory bowel disease were included. The result of this study revealed that social support is perceived to have a positive effect, but sometimes, it can also affect negatively (Palant, & Himmel, 2019). A real-life example can also be taken through this case history.

Case History

The client was a ten years old boy. He had a normal birth. His mother had no physical and mental illness at the time of delivery. At the time of birth, the child didn't show any abnormal symptoms. After birth, he exhibited normal reflexes and had no sensational issue. After 10 to 15 days of his birth, his parents started noticing that his colour turned to blue, become thin and had wrinkles on his body. At that time, his family didn't consult with any doctor but moved towards spiritual treatment. 

His developmental milestones were delayed. He had a one-word speech at the age of 2 years. Then, his family consulted the doctor; he recommended allopathic and psychotic medicine. He felt fear from adults other than his family members. He did not use pamper at all. He avoided to use the toilet and defecated alone in his room behind the door. He did not use the toilet because of his shyness and his first bad experience of sitting on the hot toilet seat. Once he went to a wedding, there he did not use the toilet for five days, and after coming home, he defecated behind the door of his room.

 He had no strong social circle. He felt hesitation about going out of his home because other children called him 

The client had a supportive and over-protective family. He was dependent on his family for his daily tasks. His family pampered him a lot. He did not get scolded from elders. He had a loving relationship with his siblings and parents. He had jolly fights with his siblings. He was stubborn with his family members.

The client got admission to a private school at the age of 6 or 7 years. After some duration, his family changed his school and sent him to a government school. He didn't make friends in school. He was an obedient student and co-operative with his teachers. He avoided going to school when teachers showed strictness towards him. He was a below-average student. In this case, the client was able to perform his routine tasks, but the over protection provided by his family was not letting him do his routine chores.

Not only overprotection can cause the problem, but sometimes being criticized by others can also lead to unwanted consequences as you can see in this case history that when the boy got negative comments from others living in his neighbourhood, he avoided going outside and liked to stay in his home. 

Moreover, the appreciation and support should also be provided at the right time, and on the right thing or situation; otherwise, this will not bring any fruitful outcome. For example appreciating (by laughing) a child when he abused the first time and not appreciating (by saying good words) a child when he scored good marks in test or paper, as defined by Skinner in operant conditioning (McLeod, 2015).

False Memory: A Case study of What Drives False Memory

      

Author: Amna Azam,   Amna Fatima, Seher Fayaz, Um e Ruman, Muhammed Taimor Mir & Ume Laila

False memory refers to the psychological misconception where a person recalls an incident differently from the actual situation or recall something which has not happened. The pioneer of the false memory phenomenon is Pierre Janet and Sigmund Freud. Elizabeth Loftus discovered false memory and memory recovery concepts in 1974. Misattribution, incorporation of misinformation, and activation of associated information recommend being the underlying mechanism and types of false memory. 

Elizabeth Loftus and Jhon Palmer (1974) carried out the study to explore the impact on language in the development of false memory. The experiment comprised of two studies. 

In the first experiment, the total number of 45 participants were shown videos of a car accident. The car speed of different video was a collision at 20 mph, 30 mph, and 40 mph. The participants were asked to fill the questionnaire, how fast the car was going, have they smashed to each other? Each time the question was the same, but the verb used to describe collision was different. The collision words were replaced with smashed, hit, collide, contacted, and bumped. Participants reported the average speed of collision between 35 mph below to 40 mph. The results of the experiment suggested that the words used to describe collision were better to predict the estimated speed rather than the actual speed. 

Similar results were retrieved from the second experiment. The participants were again shown the videos of car smashing. The word smashing was replaced with hitting. The participants were asked to describe if they have seen the broken glass in the video. Despite the fact that no glass was broken in the video, the majority of participants reported yes. The second experiment also showed participants videos of a car accident, but the critical thing was the verbiage of the follow-up questionnaire. 150 participants were randomly assigned to three conditions

The current study primarily focuses on the assumption that the words or phrases heavily influence the response rate. Secondly, the study hypothesized that phrasing of an item provides expectancies to formerly ignored information. Therefore a misconstruction emerges in our memory recall. This misconstruction recommends that false memory as an existing phenomenon.

The present study investigated the following question

 Does the way of asking to affect a person's memory?

Can we change a person's memory according to your will (create False memory)?

In this study, our group tries to create false memory and check whether gender affects the creation of false memory. Our result likely supports the above question that their answer is Yes, but it varies from person to person.

Our group tries to investigate does really words affect our memory recall. Our group tries to create false memory in the student of GIFT University about the dressing of your model and phone. The way we asked a question not only affect but can also change their memory. More accurately, it affects the person recalling. There were two lists (A and B) of questions, each containing six questions. Questions of the list A are as following 

Q1 Was he wearing a white shirt? 

Q2 Was he wearing black jeans? 

Q3 Was he wearing a cheek shirt? 

Q4 Was he wearing a watch? 

Q5 Was he wearing glasses? 

Q6 Was there a butterfly on the back of the mobile? 

Only Q 4 and 5 are correct because our model was wearing a watch and glass. Other questions don’t match our model clothes. When my group asked questions of the A list, people who answer was wrong was the same. In other words, our model was wearing a black shirt. Some people replied he was wearing a black shirt, which was correct while other people replied he was wearing a white shirt, but the point to be noticed was that all people who give wrong answers said it was white. We believe we have created a false memory in the person's mind. It goes the same about the color and butterfly of the jeans. 

Questions of the B list are as follows 

Q1 What was the color of the shirt? 

Q2 What was the color of the jeans 

Q3 What was the shirt design? 

Q4 Was he wearing anything on the forearm? 

Q5 Was he wearing any glass? 

Q6 Was there anything on the back of the mobile? 

When we asked the question of the B list people, the wrong answer changed. One person replied he was wearing blue shirts; one said he was wearing a red shirt. It goes the same for the answer for jeans and other things. The people of B list give more accurate information about the model then A list of people.

Method

Participant

                   We did our experiment with the students who are sitting in the university and using mobile or busy talking to their friends. The total number of participants was 12. A number of the male was 6, and the female was 6. 

Material 

                We used a mobile with an owl on it back, and our model wears the same clothes on the very experiment (black shirt and blue jeans). A golden watch and blue glass were also wear by our model.

Procedure

                    Our model went to the students and said that he had found this mobile(showing them the back of the mobile) in the Café, library, or class, depending upon the student's location. He told the sir about the mobile, and sir asked him to deliver it to the foundation and last office (office at GIFT University to collect and return students lost things). Can you tell me where this office? The students give different reactions, but in the end, tell the direction of the office. The model follows the direction and goes to the office. When the model is out of sight, then the group members come and tell the student that she forgot her mobile in a cage, library, or class. Sir said to her that a boy came to him with a mobile he found, the sir send him to the found and lost office. Did you see him? The students replied yes, and he went this way than the group asked the questions of the lists. In the end, they tell the students this was our project, and we are also making a video of our conversations.

 Calculations 

We could not make calculations reason is explained in limitations. 

Result

The result of our project is that the way of asking questions affects the answer of the person. It can also change it according to your will. But not too much as we think, especially the second part.

  Limitations

The main problem we face and due to which we cannot make calculations also is that students were not interested in our questions. They were talking the way the model went rather than telling us about the model. It is quite natural because if someone knew where something they will like to talk where it is rather then talking who it looks like.

Some students were sitting in group, so we faced difficulties in dealing with two-three students at one time.

I cannot get proper information about the topic. It was very difficult to collect data on False memory

The weather was also a big pain. I will give friendly advice to the readers; please avoid public experiment in mid of summer.